EESA10 Human Health and Environment
Midterm
Sample Midterm
1. Which is not a result of environmental change?
A) Extinction of species
B) Population growth
C) Increased environmental pollution D) Global warming
E) Ozone depletion
2. Which statement about metal-induced diseases is not true?
A) They are mainly occupational health diseases
B) They result mostly from chronic exposure
C) They are diseases affecting the respiratory system only
D) They bio-concentrate but do not bio-accumulate
E) C and D
3. Which is not a risk arising from the ozone layer depletion?
A) Damaged plants
B) Teratogenic effects
C) Imbalanced atmospheric distribution of ozone between troposphere and stratosphere
D) None of the above
4. All contaminants are harmful:
A) True
B) False
C) Need more information
5. Many organic pollutants are contained in commercial pesticides:
A) True
B) False
C) Need more information
6. Cadmium is a radioactive toxic metal that is present in the human environment because of industrial activities:
A) True
B) False
C) Need more information
7. Aerosols and mist are a form of gaseous pollutants:
A) True
B) False
C) Need more information
8. Which of the following statements is not true about smog?
A) It is formed during a reaction of smoke and fog
B) High concentration during temperature inversion
Sample Midterm
1. Which is not a result of environmental change?
A) Extinction of species
B) Population growth
C) Increased environmental pollution D) Global warming
E) Ozone depletion
2. Which statement about metal-induced diseases is not true?
A) They are mainly occupational health diseases
B) They result mostly from chronic exposure
C) They are diseases affecting the respiratory system only
D) They bio-concentrate but do not bio-accumulate
E) C and D
3. Which is not a risk arising from the ozone layer depletion?
A) Damaged plants
B) Teratogenic effects
C) Imbalanced atmospheric distribution of ozone between troposphere and stratosphere
D) None of the above
4. All contaminants are harmful:
A) True
B) False
C) Need more information
5. Many organic pollutants are contained in commercial pesticides:
A) True
B) False
C) Need more information
6. Cadmium is a radioactive toxic metal that is present in the human environment because of industrial activities:
A) True
B) False
C) Need more information
7. Aerosols and mist are a form of gaseous pollutants:
A) True
B) False
C) Need more information
8. Which of the following statements is not true about smog?
A) It is formed during a reaction of smoke and fog
B) High concentration during temperature inversion
C) It subsides quickly
D) It is a mixture of gaseous and particulate matter
9. __________ and __________ are two health effects resulting from exposure to air pollution: A) Irritation of the eyes, irritation of the respiratory tract, a (?)
B) Irritation of the eyes, asthma, acute
C) Chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic (?)
D) A and C
E) All of the above
10. Which of the following is/are important factor(s) in the dispersion of air pollutants?
A) Wind
B) Pollutant residence time in the air
C) Place of emission
D) A and B
E) All of the above
11. Compared to groundwater, surface water is more prone to which kind of contamination? A) Chemical
B) Biological
C) Physical
D) B and C
E) All of the above
12. The general global trend of water usage corresponds to which of the following?
A) Most freshwater is used for industrial purposes
B) Most freshwater is used for agricultural purposes
C) Most freshwater is used for domestic purposes
D) A and B
13. Which of the following is a point source?
A) Surface runoff
B) Industrial Discharge
C) Leakages in water distribution network
D) A and C
E) None of the above
14. Why is chlorination important in water and wastewater treatment?
A) It allows water disinfection
B) It kills all bacteria
C) It allows the prevention of water contamination along the distribution network
D) It attacks all chemicals
E) A and C
15. Which of the following statements is not true?
A) Waterborne diseases are caused by micro-organisms that survive in the water and are ingested B) Water washed diseases are caused by micro-organisms that could be washed off by water (if we cleaned properly)
D) It is a mixture of gaseous and particulate matter
9. __________ and __________ are two health effects resulting from exposure to air pollution: A) Irritation of the eyes, irritation of the respiratory tract, a (?)
B) Irritation of the eyes, asthma, acute
C) Chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, chronic (?)
D) A and C
E) All of the above
10. Which of the following is/are important factor(s) in the dispersion of air pollutants?
A) Wind
B) Pollutant residence time in the air
C) Place of emission
D) A and B
E) All of the above
11. Compared to groundwater, surface water is more prone to which kind of contamination? A) Chemical
B) Biological
C) Physical
D) B and C
E) All of the above
12. The general global trend of water usage corresponds to which of the following?
A) Most freshwater is used for industrial purposes
B) Most freshwater is used for agricultural purposes
C) Most freshwater is used for domestic purposes
D) A and B
13. Which of the following is a point source?
A) Surface runoff
B) Industrial Discharge
C) Leakages in water distribution network
D) A and C
E) None of the above
14. Why is chlorination important in water and wastewater treatment?
A) It allows water disinfection
B) It kills all bacteria
C) It allows the prevention of water contamination along the distribution network
D) It attacks all chemicals
E) A and C
15. Which of the following statements is not true?
A) Waterborne diseases are caused by micro-organisms that survive in the water and are ingested B) Water washed diseases are caused by micro-organisms that could be washed off by water (if we cleaned properly)
C) Water-based diseases are caused by micro-organisms that live in water
D) Water-related diseases are caused by micro-organisms that live in water and get in contact with humans through water ingestion
E) Water-dispersed diseases are caused by micro-organisms that reproduce in water but are transmitted through air
16. Nitrogen is of particular concern when in the form of _____ because they inhibit the _____’s ability to transfer oxygen; this is called _____.
A) Nitrates, red blood cells, mesothelioma
B) Nitrites, red blood cells, anemia
C) Nitrites, hemoglobin, methemoglobinemia
D) Nitrates, hemoglobin, methemoglobinemia
17. Which statement about radon is true?
A) It is a naturally occurring radioactive gas
B) It is not carcinogenic
C) Humans are exposed to it through water only
D) None of the above
18. Arsenic is also a chemical threat to water quality, which of the following is not a potential health effect of exposure to it?
A) Irritation of lungs
B) Skin diseases
C) Cancer
D) Vision loss
19. Which of the following is a threat posed by pharmaceuticals in wastewater?
A) Antibiotic resistant micro-organisms in the environment
B) Impact on aquatic organisms exposed in receiving waters
C) Impacts on invertebrates exposed in soil
D) All of the above
20. Water quantity is another problem faced by human beings because:
A) There is a boom in population growth
B) It is getting polluted and is less available for human consumption
C) Because there are more water leakages
D) All of the above except for C
E) All of the above
21. Teratogenic effects due to lead exposure include all of the following except for:
A) Deficit in intellectual intelligence
B) Growth rate
C) Birth rate
D) Renal failure
22. Which of the following is a non-hazardous form of mercury?
A) Mercuric mercury
D) Water-related diseases are caused by micro-organisms that live in water and get in contact with humans through water ingestion
E) Water-dispersed diseases are caused by micro-organisms that reproduce in water but are transmitted through air
16. Nitrogen is of particular concern when in the form of _____ because they inhibit the _____’s ability to transfer oxygen; this is called _____.
A) Nitrates, red blood cells, mesothelioma
B) Nitrites, red blood cells, anemia
C) Nitrites, hemoglobin, methemoglobinemia
D) Nitrates, hemoglobin, methemoglobinemia
17. Which statement about radon is true?
A) It is a naturally occurring radioactive gas
B) It is not carcinogenic
C) Humans are exposed to it through water only
D) None of the above
18. Arsenic is also a chemical threat to water quality, which of the following is not a potential health effect of exposure to it?
A) Irritation of lungs
B) Skin diseases
C) Cancer
D) Vision loss
19. Which of the following is a threat posed by pharmaceuticals in wastewater?
A) Antibiotic resistant micro-organisms in the environment
B) Impact on aquatic organisms exposed in receiving waters
C) Impacts on invertebrates exposed in soil
D) All of the above
20. Water quantity is another problem faced by human beings because:
A) There is a boom in population growth
B) It is getting polluted and is less available for human consumption
C) Because there are more water leakages
D) All of the above except for C
E) All of the above
21. Teratogenic effects due to lead exposure include all of the following except for:
A) Deficit in intellectual intelligence
B) Growth rate
C) Birth rate
D) Renal failure
22. Which of the following is a non-hazardous form of mercury?
A) Mercuric mercury
B) Volatilized metallic mercury
C) Mercurous mercury
D) None of the above
23. __________ aggravates the global problem of mercury in that it allows for the _____ of organic compounds of mercury in the soil. The mercury is then more susceptible of being converted into _____ and then _____ in plants.
A) Atmospheric transport, dispersion, mercurous mercury, bio-accumulation
B) Deforestation, degradation, methyl mercury, bio-concentration
C) Atmospheric transport, dispersion, methyl mercury, bio-concentration
D) Deforestation, degradation, mercuric mercury, evaporation
E) None of the above
24. Which of the following is not a health effect of mercury exposure?
A) Lung injuries
B) Vision loss
C) Debilitated neurobehavioral abilities
D) Erethism
E) Born defects
25. Which of the following animals are very important in the bio-magnification of mercury?
A) Fish
B) Birds
C) Cats
D) Cows
E) All of the above
26. Minimata disease is a poisoning that mainly affects the resulting from excessive consumption of subject to:
A) Central nervous system, fish, bioaccumulation, methyl mercury
B) Central nervous system, water, contamination, arsenic
C) Respiratory system, water, contamination, arsenic
D) Skin, fish, bioaccumulation, lead
27. Arsenic is naturally occurring in plants from which it may be released into groundwater through the roots:
A) True
B) False
C) Need more information
28. Bangladesh’s arsenic poisoning symptoms include all of the following except:
A) Skin lesions
B) Endangered birds
C) Lose of memory
D) None of the above
D) None of the above
23. __________ aggravates the global problem of mercury in that it allows for the _____ of organic compounds of mercury in the soil. The mercury is then more susceptible of being converted into _____ and then _____ in plants.
A) Atmospheric transport, dispersion, mercurous mercury, bio-accumulation
B) Deforestation, degradation, methyl mercury, bio-concentration
C) Atmospheric transport, dispersion, methyl mercury, bio-concentration
D) Deforestation, degradation, mercuric mercury, evaporation
E) None of the above
24. Which of the following is not a health effect of mercury exposure?
A) Lung injuries
B) Vision loss
C) Debilitated neurobehavioral abilities
D) Erethism
E) Born defects
25. Which of the following animals are very important in the bio-magnification of mercury?
A) Fish
B) Birds
C) Cats
D) Cows
E) All of the above
26. Minimata disease is a poisoning that mainly affects the resulting from excessive consumption of subject to:
A) Central nervous system, fish, bioaccumulation, methyl mercury
B) Central nervous system, water, contamination, arsenic
C) Respiratory system, water, contamination, arsenic
D) Skin, fish, bioaccumulation, lead
27. Arsenic is naturally occurring in plants from which it may be released into groundwater through the roots:
A) True
B) False
C) Need more information
28. Bangladesh’s arsenic poisoning symptoms include all of the following except:
A) Skin lesions
B) Endangered birds
C) Lose of memory
D) None of the above
29. World population began growing at a considerable rate beginning:
A) The 1800s
B) The 1850s
C) The 1900s
D) The 1950s
30. _____ consume(s) 65% of all natural resources and generates 75% of the world’s waste:
A) 5% of the world’s population
B) Asia
C) Industrialized countries
D) 50% of the world’s population
E) Developing countries
31. Which of the following is human health interrelated to (more than one answer possible):
A) Population growth
B) Human consumption
C) Medical improvements
D) Environmental degradation
E) All of the above
32. Which case is not among the 50% of transformed land surface?
A) Desertification of forests
B) Degraded productive capacity of agricultural land
C) Creation of lakes
D) Deforested areas
33. Which of the following are possible mitigation measures for the impact of population growth on human health?
A) Birth rate reduction
B) Development of renewable energy sources
C) Protection of biodiversity
D) All of the above
34. Which of the following is not an indicator of global climate change? A) Rise in sea level
B) Decrease in snow cover
C) Population growth
D) Icecaps melt
E) All of the above
35. Weather and temperature changes mostly affect health:
A) Directly
A) The 1800s
B) The 1850s
C) The 1900s
D) The 1950s
30. _____ consume(s) 65% of all natural resources and generates 75% of the world’s waste:
A) 5% of the world’s population
B) Asia
C) Industrialized countries
D) 50% of the world’s population
E) Developing countries
31. Which of the following is human health interrelated to (more than one answer possible):
A) Population growth
B) Human consumption
C) Medical improvements
D) Environmental degradation
E) All of the above
32. Which case is not among the 50% of transformed land surface?
A) Desertification of forests
B) Degraded productive capacity of agricultural land
C) Creation of lakes
D) Deforested areas
33. Which of the following are possible mitigation measures for the impact of population growth on human health?
A) Birth rate reduction
B) Development of renewable energy sources
C) Protection of biodiversity
D) All of the above
34. Which of the following is not an indicator of global climate change? A) Rise in sea level
B) Decrease in snow cover
C) Population growth
D) Icecaps melt
E) All of the above
35. Weather and temperature changes mostly affect health:
A) Directly
B) Indirectly
C) A and B
D) Need more information
36. Geographical changes due to climate change include:
A) Migration of species
B) Glacial retreats
C) Diseases’ emergence
D) All of the above except for C
E) All of the above
37. Insect and rodent-borne diseases emerged after hurricane Mitch due to:
A) Disease causing micro-organisms being carried by the hurricane
B) Unusual warm weather
C) Deforestation
D) B and C
E) All of the above
38. “El Nino Southern Oscillation” influences disease outbreaks in various regions in the world because it regulates:
A) True
B) False
C) Need more information
40. Factors hastening species loss exclude:
A) Climate change
B) Water pollution
C) Urbanization
D) All of the above
E) A and B
41. Species can be beneficial for given that they have developed ? that enhance their ? which we can use for humans:
A) Medicine, chemicals, survival
B) Research models, lifestyles, growth
C) Research models, survival mechanisms, resilience
D) A and C
C) A and B
D) Need more information
36. Geographical changes due to climate change include:
A) Migration of species
B) Glacial retreats
C) Diseases’ emergence
D) All of the above except for C
E) All of the above
37. Insect and rodent-borne diseases emerged after hurricane Mitch due to:
A) Disease causing micro-organisms being carried by the hurricane
B) Unusual warm weather
C) Deforestation
D) B and C
E) All of the above
38. “El Nino Southern Oscillation” influences disease outbreaks in various regions in the world because it regulates:
-
A) Temperature
-
B) Precipitation
-
C) Storms
- D) Disease causing micro-organisms’ survival
- E) All of the above
A) True
B) False
C) Need more information
40. Factors hastening species loss exclude:
A) Climate change
B) Water pollution
C) Urbanization
D) All of the above
E) A and B
41. Species can be beneficial for given that they have developed ? that enhance their ? which we can use for humans:
A) Medicine, chemicals, survival
B) Research models, lifestyles, growth
C) Research models, survival mechanisms, resilience
D) A and C
42. Pacific Yew is a tree containing which beneficial chemical compound?
A) Vinblastine
B) Quinine
C) Taxol
D) Neomycin
43. Bears are of particular interest to researchers given their ability to avoid which of the following health conditions during their hibernation period?
A) Bone resorption and uremia
B) Weight loss and uremia
C) Bone resorption and immunity system deficiency
D) Uremia and insomnia
44. An example of human infectious disease that can be altered by species loss is:
A) AIDS
B) Asthma
C) Skin lesions
D) Malaria
45. Over-fishing can lead to disease outbreak in humans because it would result in:
A) Less biodiversity in aquatic systems
B) Disrupting the prey-predator order
C) Consuming contaminated fish
D) All of the above
46. Ozone is formed by the reaction of:
A) Ultraviolet radiation and smog
B) Ultraviolet radiation and CO2
C) Ultraviolet radiation and O2
D) O2 and NOx
E) Acid rain and O2
47. The ozone layer is in the:
A) Stratosphere
B) Troposphere
C) The closest atmospheric layer to earth’s surface
D) B and C
E) None of the above
48. Which of the following statements is not true?
A) UVA is more readily absorbed by ozone
B) UVA is less harmful form of UV
C) UVB can have serious effects on living cells
A) Vinblastine
B) Quinine
C) Taxol
D) Neomycin
43. Bears are of particular interest to researchers given their ability to avoid which of the following health conditions during their hibernation period?
A) Bone resorption and uremia
B) Weight loss and uremia
C) Bone resorption and immunity system deficiency
D) Uremia and insomnia
44. An example of human infectious disease that can be altered by species loss is:
A) AIDS
B) Asthma
C) Skin lesions
D) Malaria
45. Over-fishing can lead to disease outbreak in humans because it would result in:
A) Less biodiversity in aquatic systems
B) Disrupting the prey-predator order
C) Consuming contaminated fish
D) All of the above
46. Ozone is formed by the reaction of:
A) Ultraviolet radiation and smog
B) Ultraviolet radiation and CO2
C) Ultraviolet radiation and O2
D) O2 and NOx
E) Acid rain and O2
47. The ozone layer is in the:
A) Stratosphere
B) Troposphere
C) The closest atmospheric layer to earth’s surface
D) B and C
E) None of the above
48. Which of the following statements is not true?
A) UVA is more readily absorbed by ozone
B) UVA is less harmful form of UV
C) UVB can have serious effects on living cells
D) UVB has a shorter wavelength
49. The biggest threat to the ozone layer is:
A) Climate change
B) CFCs
C) Vehicle emissions
D) A and B
E) All of the above
50. The ozone hole formed but over regions:
A) Rapidly, regularly, tropical
B) Rapidly, seasonally, polar
C) Slowly, seasonally, polar
D) Slowly, regularly, northern
51. Which of the following is not a health effect of ozone depletion?
A) Skin cancer
B) Irritation of respiratory tract
C) Cataracts
D) Gene mutations
52. Which of the following is not a direct effect of ozone depletion?
A) Damaged plants
B) Weaker immune system
C) Increased risk of cancer
D) Cataracts
E) All of the above
53. Which of the following are adaptations of living organisms to deal with the effects of UV radiations?
A) UV-absorbing surface layers
B) Cells feeding on UV to grow
C) Cell replacement
D) All of the above
E) A and C
54. In 1952, a severe case of smog formation resulted in excess death of 4000 people mainly because: A) The smog was very thick
B) The smog remained for several days
C) Smog is denser than air
D) Temperature inversion
E) B and D
55. What is the most pronounced change in disease patterns in the US between 1900 and 1950?
A) A shift from a dominance of malaria to cancer
B) A shift from acute to chronic illnesses
C) A jump of heart diseases
D) An increase in suicide incidence
E) All of the above
A) Climate change
B) CFCs
C) Vehicle emissions
D) A and B
E) All of the above
50. The ozone hole formed but over regions:
A) Rapidly, regularly, tropical
B) Rapidly, seasonally, polar
C) Slowly, seasonally, polar
D) Slowly, regularly, northern
51. Which of the following is not a health effect of ozone depletion?
A) Skin cancer
B) Irritation of respiratory tract
C) Cataracts
D) Gene mutations
52. Which of the following is not a direct effect of ozone depletion?
A) Damaged plants
B) Weaker immune system
C) Increased risk of cancer
D) Cataracts
E) All of the above
53. Which of the following are adaptations of living organisms to deal with the effects of UV radiations?
A) UV-absorbing surface layers
B) Cells feeding on UV to grow
C) Cell replacement
D) All of the above
E) A and C
54. In 1952, a severe case of smog formation resulted in excess death of 4000 people mainly because: A) The smog was very thick
B) The smog remained for several days
C) Smog is denser than air
D) Temperature inversion
E) B and D
55. What is the most pronounced change in disease patterns in the US between 1900 and 1950?
A) A shift from a dominance of malaria to cancer
B) A shift from acute to chronic illnesses
C) A jump of heart diseases
D) An increase in suicide incidence
E) All of the above
56. What would be a proof of environmental chemicals affecting the reproductive system?
A) Observations of sterility of males exposed to chemicals
B) Tests proving them to be endocrine disruptors
C) Observed adverse health effects
D) A and B
E) All of the above
57. The Love Canal episode was a case of:
A) Biological pollution
B) Chemical pollution
C) Waterborne diseases
D) Excessive air pollution
E) Overexploitation of biodiversity
58. The “itai-itai-byo” or “ouch-ouch” disease refers to a case of contamination in Jintsu River with: A) Arsenic
B) Lead
C) Cadmium
D) Mercury
E) Zinc
59. In the Amazon Basin, gold mining is leading miners to discard very big amounts of ? into the environment. It is used to extract the gold after which it is molten. What substance is it?
A) DDT
B) PCB
C) Mercury
D) Quinone
E) Lead
60. Why is this a serious health matter (referring to the last question)?
A) Because the substance enters groundwater and contaminates drinking wells
B) Because the substance is carcinogenic and might affect the minors
C) Because the substance is bio-accumulable and enters the food chain
D) Because the substance is radioactive
E) All of the above
A) Observations of sterility of males exposed to chemicals
B) Tests proving them to be endocrine disruptors
C) Observed adverse health effects
D) A and B
E) All of the above
57. The Love Canal episode was a case of:
A) Biological pollution
B) Chemical pollution
C) Waterborne diseases
D) Excessive air pollution
E) Overexploitation of biodiversity
58. The “itai-itai-byo” or “ouch-ouch” disease refers to a case of contamination in Jintsu River with: A) Arsenic
B) Lead
C) Cadmium
D) Mercury
E) Zinc
59. In the Amazon Basin, gold mining is leading miners to discard very big amounts of ? into the environment. It is used to extract the gold after which it is molten. What substance is it?
A) DDT
B) PCB
C) Mercury
D) Quinone
E) Lead
60. Why is this a serious health matter (referring to the last question)?
A) Because the substance enters groundwater and contaminates drinking wells
B) Because the substance is carcinogenic and might affect the minors
C) Because the substance is bio-accumulable and enters the food chain
D) Because the substance is radioactive
E) All of the above
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