BIOB33 Human Anatomy UTSC Muscles - origin - Function

BIOB33 Human Anatomy - UTSC - Muscles 

       Muscle name- origin to insertion- function

Pectoralis major- sternum to humerus- adducts the foreleg

Pectoralis minor- sternum to proximal end of humerus- adducts and retracts the foreleg

Latissimus dorsi- dorsal, lateral, and ventral sides, lumbodorsal fascia (sheet of connective tissue), lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae to the proximal end of the humerus on its medial surface- moves the foreleg caudally and dorsally

External oblique- posterior ribs and lumbodorsal fascia to ventral aponeurosis near linea alba

Internal oblique

Transverse abdominus

Rectus abdominus- pubis to the sternum and the upper ribs

External intercostals- located between ribs towards the back- raise the rib cage during inhalation

Internal intercostals- found along the entire inter rib space from dorsal to mid-ventral sternum- lower the rib cage during expiration

**linea alba**- at the centre of the ventral abdomen- thickening of the central part of the ventral aponeurosis (a sheet like fusion of tendons)

Brachiochephalic- back of the neck, back of the head, and mastoid process to the humerus- lies across the shoulder- moves forelimb anteriorly

Sternomastoid- sternum (splits into a V shape) to the mastoid process- flexes the head tot eh chest and inclines it to one side or the other

Digastric- temporal and occipital bones to the mandible- lowers the jaw

Sternum- “breast bone”

Thyroid cartilage- ventral prominent part of the larynx

Trachea- cartilaginous rings  

Thyroid gland- below the thyroid cartilage of the larynx and lying on top part of the trachea- part of the endocrine system- thyroid hormones affect the body’s metabolic rate 

Thymus gland- on either side of the midline and larger in size than the thyroid gland- important part of the immune system- found in the chest as well

Sternothyroid- beneath the sternohyoid muscle- depresses the larynx- involved in speech and swallowing movements

Thyrohyoid- thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone at the base of the tongue- depresses the hyoid bone and elevates the larynx affecting speech and swallowing movements  

Triceps brachii

            Long head- triangular shape- scapula and cover most of the surface of the forelimb- extends the elbow

            Lateral head- dorsal portion of the forelimb- proximal end and lateral side of the humerus

            Medial head-

Brachialis-

This description is for the following the muscles: Found on the lateral side of the forearm- lower to distal portion of the humerus- two insert at the digits and two insert at the metacarpals- extensors of the digits and front feet

Extensor carpi radialis

Extensor digitorum communis

Extensor digitorum lateralis

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Spinodeltoid

Brachioradialis- flexes the elbow

Trapezius- broad superficial dorsal muscle- posterior to the brachiocephalic muscle and dorsal to deltoid muscle- from the occipital bone cervical vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae to the spine of scapula- retracts the scapula towards the spine and helps stabilize the scapula (and shoulder gridle) during forelimb movement

Supraspinatus- scapula to the proximal end of the humerus- abducts the humerus

Spine of scapula

Spinodeltoid muscle-  

Infrapinatus- scapula to the proximal end of the humerus- rotates the humerus laterally

Teres major- scapula to the humerus with the same tendon as the latissimus dorsi- rotates and flexex the humerus

Serratus ventralis

Subcapularis- covers much of the medial surface of the scapula- attaches to the humerus- medial rotator of the humerus  

Biceps brachii

Humerus

Radius

Coracobrahialis

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexor digitorum profundus

Palmaris longis

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Splenius

Rhomboideus group

            Rhomboideus capitus

            Rhomboideus cervicus

            Rhomboideus thoracis

Extensor dorsi communis

Tensor fascia lata

Gluteus maxius

Gluteus medius

Quadriceps fermoris

            Rectus femoris

            Vastus lateralis

            Vastus medialis

            Vastus intermedialis

Hamstrings

            Biceps femoris

            Semitendinosis

            Semimembranosus

Sartorius

Gracilis

Pectineus

Adductor magnus

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Tibialis anterior

Achilles Tendon

Tibia